The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD, in French: Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques, OCDE) is a Paris-based international economic organisation of 30 countries. Most OECD members are high-income economies with a high Human Development Index (HDI) and are regarded as developed countries.
2011년 1월 14일 금요일
Obesity and the Economics of Prevention: Fit not Fat - Korea Key Facts
A. ADULTS
1. Obesity rates in Korea are among the lowest in the OECD, but have been increasing steadily. About 4% of the adult population is obese in Korea, and about 30% are overweight (including obese). OECD projections indicate that overweight rates will increase by a further 5% within ten years.
Past and projected overweight rates
Underlying data and charts for all the graphics below are also available in Excel
2. Large socio-economic disparities in obesity exist in women in Korea. Women with poor education are 5 times more likely than more educated women to be overweight. Virtually no disparities exist between men of different educational levels.
Relative Index of Inequality in Overweight by Education level
B. CHILDREN
3. Child obesity rates are relatively high in Korea, especially in boys. OECD projections show a likely slight decrease of overweight and a stabilisation of child obesity over the next 10 years.
Past and projected rates of child obesity and overweight, age 3-17, in Korea
4. Children with obese parents are far more likely to be obese themselves. Boys are about 3 times more likely to be obese, and girls are almost 6 times more likely, if they have at least one obese parent.
Odds ratios of child obesity by parents' obesity status in Korea
5. Socio-economic disparities in obesity are not apparent in children. Contrary to most OECD countries, boys in the most disadvantaged socio-economic groups are less likely to be obese than children in higher socio-economic groups.
Social disparities in child obesity in Korea
Note: SEC: Socio-economic condition.
1. Obesity rates in Korea are among the lowest in the OECD, but have been increasing steadily. About 4% of the adult population is obese in Korea, and about 30% are overweight (including obese). OECD projections indicate that overweight rates will increase by a further 5% within ten years.
Past and projected overweight rates
Underlying data and charts for all the graphics below are also available in Excel
2. Large socio-economic disparities in obesity exist in women in Korea. Women with poor education are 5 times more likely than more educated women to be overweight. Virtually no disparities exist between men of different educational levels.
Relative Index of Inequality in Overweight by Education level
B. CHILDREN
3. Child obesity rates are relatively high in Korea, especially in boys. OECD projections show a likely slight decrease of overweight and a stabilisation of child obesity over the next 10 years.
Past and projected rates of child obesity and overweight, age 3-17, in Korea
4. Children with obese parents are far more likely to be obese themselves. Boys are about 3 times more likely to be obese, and girls are almost 6 times more likely, if they have at least one obese parent.
Odds ratios of child obesity by parents' obesity status in Korea
5. Socio-economic disparities in obesity are not apparent in children. Contrary to most OECD countries, boys in the most disadvantaged socio-economic groups are less likely to be obese than children in higher socio-economic groups.
Social disparities in child obesity in Korea
Note: SEC: Socio-economic condition.
2010년 12월 24일 금요일
Economic Survey of Korea 2010
The next Economic Survey of Korea will be prepared for 2012.
An Economic Survey is published every 1½-2 years for each OECD country. Read more about how Surveys are prepared.
An Overview (pdf format) of the Economic survey of Korea is available here. It contains the Summary, the OECD assessment and recommendations and the chapter summaries as reproduced below:
A Korean version of the Overview is also available.
An Economic Survey is published every 1½-2 years for each OECD country. Read more about how Surveys are prepared.
An Overview (pdf format) of the Economic survey of Korea is available here. It contains the Summary, the OECD assessment and recommendations and the chapter summaries as reproduced below:
A Korean version of the Overview is also available.
Chapter 1: Sustaining the recovery from the global financial crisis by promoting Korea’s medium-term growth potential
Chapter 1: Sustaining the recovery from the global financial crisis by promoting Korea’s medium-term growth potential
Korea has achieved one of the strongest recoveries among OECD countries from the 2008 global recession, led by its robust export performance and the largest fiscal stimulus among member countries. The expansion is projected to continue through 2011 as the positive impact from external demand spreads further to the domestic economy. Sustaining high growth over the medium term requires narrowing the large labour productivity gap with more advanced OECD economies through reforms, particularly in services, where productivity is low. The priority is to strengthen competition by eliminating domestic entry barriers, accelerating regulatory reform, upgrading competition policy and reducing barriers to trade and inflows of foreign direct investment. Such measures should be accompanied by reforms to reduce labour market dualism, which has negative consequences for growth and equity. In addition, it is important to increase labour force participation, notably among women and older persons, not least to mitigate the impact of population.
Korea has achieved one of the strongest recoveries among OECD countries from the 2008 global recession, led by its robust export performance and the largest fiscal stimulus among member countries. The expansion is projected to continue through 2011 as the positive impact from external demand spreads further to the domestic economy. Sustaining high growth over the medium term requires narrowing the large labour productivity gap with more advanced OECD economies through reforms, particularly in services, where productivity is low. The priority is to strengthen competition by eliminating domestic entry barriers, accelerating regulatory reform, upgrading competition policy and reducing barriers to trade and inflows of foreign direct investment. Such measures should be accompanied by reforms to reduce labour market dualism, which has negative consequences for growth and equity. In addition, it is important to increase labour force participation, notably among women and older persons, not least to mitigate the impact of population.
Chapter 2: Macroeconomic policy: the exit from fiscal and monetary stimulus
Chapter 2: Macroeconomic policy: the exit from fiscal and monetary stimulus
Korea’s strong recovery from the global financial crisis stems in part from an effective macroeconomic policy response. The prompt withdrawal of fiscal stimulus in 2010 will help meet the medium-term fiscal plan for reducing budget deficits. Given the increase in government spending in the past, making the targets in the plan more binding is important to help achieve the fiscal target. In addition, the broadening of tax bases would be beneficial in this regard. While such policies would help limit government debt, it is also necessary to contain the rapidly rising debt of public corporations, in part by further progress in the 2008 privatisation programme. Monetary stimulus has also supported the recovery. Given the expected strength of output growth in 2010, it is important that the Bank of Korea not fall behind the curve in withdrawing monetary stimulus. Korea should continue its flexible exchange rate policy.
Korea’s strong recovery from the global financial crisis stems in part from an effective macroeconomic policy response. The prompt withdrawal of fiscal stimulus in 2010 will help meet the medium-term fiscal plan for reducing budget deficits. Given the increase in government spending in the past, making the targets in the plan more binding is important to help achieve the fiscal target. In addition, the broadening of tax bases would be beneficial in this regard. While such policies would help limit government debt, it is also necessary to contain the rapidly rising debt of public corporations, in part by further progress in the 2008 privatisation programme. Monetary stimulus has also supported the recovery. Given the expected strength of output growth in 2010, it is important that the Bank of Korea not fall behind the curve in withdrawing monetary stimulus. Korea should continue its flexible exchange rate policy.
Chapter 3: The Korean financial system: overcoming the global financial crisis and addressing remaining problems
Chapter 3: The Korean financial system: overcoming the global financial crisis and addressing remaining problems
The intensification of the global financial crisis in late 2008 led to large capital outflows from Korea and turmoil in its capital markets. However, the prompt response by the government and the central bank stabilised Korea’s financial sector in early 2009 and recovery followed relatively quickly. In contrast to 1997, financial institutions have overcome the crisis without significant damage. Increased assistance for small and medium-sized enterprises has played a large role in overcoming the crisis, but should be scaled back to avoid supporting non-viable firms and to expand banks’ capacity for risk appraisal, leading to a more market-oriented financial system. As a small open economy, Korea also needs to reduce its vulnerability to sudden capital outflows. In addition, it is important to use prudential regulations effectively to limit the risk of mortgage lending, upgrade the corporate governance of financial institutions and develop securitisation by ensuring transparency
The intensification of the global financial crisis in late 2008 led to large capital outflows from Korea and turmoil in its capital markets. However, the prompt response by the government and the central bank stabilised Korea’s financial sector in early 2009 and recovery followed relatively quickly. In contrast to 1997, financial institutions have overcome the crisis without significant damage. Increased assistance for small and medium-sized enterprises has played a large role in overcoming the crisis, but should be scaled back to avoid supporting non-viable firms and to expand banks’ capacity for risk appraisal, leading to a more market-oriented financial system. As a small open economy, Korea also needs to reduce its vulnerability to sudden capital outflows. In addition, it is important to use prudential regulations effectively to limit the risk of mortgage lending, upgrade the corporate governance of financial institutions and develop securitisation by ensuring transparency
Chapter 4: Health-care reform in Korea
Chapter 4: Health-care reform in Korea
Korea’s health-care system has contributed to the marked improvement in health conditions, while limiting spending to one of the lowest levels in the OECD through high patient co-payments and limited coverage of public health insurance. However, spending is now increasing at the fastest rate in the OECD. With continued upward pressure, not least from rapid population ageing, it is essential to boost efficiency by reforming the payment system, reducing drug expenditures, shifting long-term care out of hospitals, promoting healthy ageing and introducing gatekeepers. As the heavy reliance on social insurance payments for health will be an increasing drag on employment as the population ages, it is necessary to raise the share of tax-based financing in conjunction with effective measures to keep spending in check. Measures to ensure adequate access for low-income households are a priority given the high out-of-pocket payments. Quality should be improved by enhancing transparency, promoting restructuring in the hospital sector and expanding the number of doctors.
Additional reading: Health Care Reform in Korea or 한국의 보건의료개혁, Economics Department Working Paper No. 797
Korea’s health-care system has contributed to the marked improvement in health conditions, while limiting spending to one of the lowest levels in the OECD through high patient co-payments and limited coverage of public health insurance. However, spending is now increasing at the fastest rate in the OECD. With continued upward pressure, not least from rapid population ageing, it is essential to boost efficiency by reforming the payment system, reducing drug expenditures, shifting long-term care out of hospitals, promoting healthy ageing and introducing gatekeepers. As the heavy reliance on social insurance payments for health will be an increasing drag on employment as the population ages, it is necessary to raise the share of tax-based financing in conjunction with effective measures to keep spending in check. Measures to ensure adequate access for low-income households are a priority given the high out-of-pocket payments. Quality should be improved by enhancing transparency, promoting restructuring in the hospital sector and expanding the number of doctors.
Additional reading: Health Care Reform in Korea or 한국의 보건의료개혁, Economics Department Working Paper No. 797
Chapter 5: Korea’s green growth strategy: mitigating climate change and developing new growth engines
Chapter 5: Korea’s green growth strategy: mitigating climate change and developing new growth engines
Korea’s greenhouse gas emissions almost doubled between 1990 and 2005, the highest growth rate in the OECD area. Korea recently set a target of reducing emissions by 30% by 2020 relative to a “business as usual” baseline, implying a 4% cut from the 2005 level. Achieving this objective in a cost-effective manner requires moving from a strategy based on voluntary commitments by firms to market-based instruments. The priority is to establish a comprehensive cap-and-trade scheme, supplemented, if necessary, by carbon taxes in areas not covered by trading. Achieving a significant cut in emissions requires a shift from energy-intensive industries to low-carbon ones. Korea is strongly committed to promoting green growth through its Five-Year Plan, which envisages spending 2% of GDP per year through 2013. One challenge is to ensure that these expenditures are efficiently targeted so as to develop green technologies, while avoiding the risks inherent in industrial policy.
Korea’s greenhouse gas emissions almost doubled between 1990 and 2005, the highest growth rate in the OECD area. Korea recently set a target of reducing emissions by 30% by 2020 relative to a “business as usual” baseline, implying a 4% cut from the 2005 level. Achieving this objective in a cost-effective manner requires moving from a strategy based on voluntary commitments by firms to market-based instruments. The priority is to establish a comprehensive cap-and-trade scheme, supplemented, if necessary, by carbon taxes in areas not covered by trading. Achieving a significant cut in emissions requires a shift from energy-intensive industries to low-carbon ones. Korea is strongly committed to promoting green growth through its Five-Year Plan, which envisages spending 2% of GDP per year through 2013. One challenge is to ensure that these expenditures are efficiently targeted so as to develop green technologies, while avoiding the risks inherent in industrial policy.
2010년 6월 15일 화요일
OECD Korea Economic Report 2010 released today from 5.8 percent this year, South Korea's economic growth is expected to show such a quick recovery and ...
OECD Korea Economic Report 2010 released today from 5.8 percent this year, South Korea's economic growth is expected to show such a quick recovery and ...
Lee Myung-bak government's push for bigger banks Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) to "burn pot" phenomenon is concerned to appear "serious moral hazard," warned the recall. The OECD also concerned about rising inflation and raise interest rates The Bank of Korea said.
Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) that Korea's economic expansion is expected to continue until next year through fiscal stimulus package should start to stop and urged the normalization of interest rates. The OECD and the government's foreign currency rating to positive measures to regulate liquidity and to increase oversight of foreign bank branches in order.
Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) has 15 days to Korea's economic growth, labor markets and sustainable health care system needed reform proposals must be made. OECD governments, especially the ambitious plan to promote the advancement of the health sector should be pursued actively carried power.
Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) that "South Korea's benchmark rate is now going to start the normalization point," the advisory said the operation had an exit strategy. The OECD released 15 days 'Korea Economic Report (Korea Economic Survey)', as the two said. Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) has extended the age of South Korea lead the economy by 2011, officials said. The interest rates begin to normalize the economy's sustainable growth and competitiveness in order to service the urgent advice.
Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and 5.8 percent economic growth this year to South Korea next year, predicts 4.7%, respectively. South Korea sustainable medium term growth and improved living standards in order to offset the aging population and increasing the labor participation rate to increase labor productivity lies said. Due to Korea's strong economic recovery, interest rates should go to `normalize 'Hannah 15 one said. 4% annual growth rate of expenditure at the level of the surge suppression, and to manage the public debt in order.
"Central banks led by the private sector is expected to lead to faster growth than the expected inflation rate in the current 3 percent level to normalize interest rates definitely have to start to stabilize," he urged.
Korea economic report one year and a half ago when compared to reports from the strong economic recovery of the macro-economic sector has been a change in policy recommendations. 2010, Korea Economic Report of the core labor flexibility and productivity-enhancing, the power of the financial sector reform and soaring health care costs is preparing for.
Lee Myung-bak government's push for bigger banks Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) to "burn pot" phenomenon is concerned to appear "serious moral hazard," warned the recall. The OECD also concerned about rising inflation and raise interest rates The Bank of Korea said.
Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) that Korea's economic expansion is expected to continue until next year through fiscal stimulus package should start to stop and urged the normalization of interest rates. The OECD and the government's foreign currency rating to positive measures to regulate liquidity and to increase oversight of foreign bank branches in order.
Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) has 15 days to Korea's economic growth, labor markets and sustainable health care system needed reform proposals must be made. OECD governments, especially the ambitious plan to promote the advancement of the health sector should be pursued actively carried power.
Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) that "South Korea's benchmark rate is now going to start the normalization point," the advisory said the operation had an exit strategy. The OECD released 15 days 'Korea Economic Report (Korea Economic Survey)', as the two said. Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) has extended the age of South Korea lead the economy by 2011, officials said. The interest rates begin to normalize the economy's sustainable growth and competitiveness in order to service the urgent advice.
Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and 5.8 percent economic growth this year to South Korea next year, predicts 4.7%, respectively. South Korea sustainable medium term growth and improved living standards in order to offset the aging population and increasing the labor participation rate to increase labor productivity lies said. Due to Korea's strong economic recovery, interest rates should go to `normalize 'Hannah 15 one said. 4% annual growth rate of expenditure at the level of the surge suppression, and to manage the public debt in order.
"Central banks led by the private sector is expected to lead to faster growth than the expected inflation rate in the current 3 percent level to normalize interest rates definitely have to start to stabilize," he urged.
Korea economic report one year and a half ago when compared to reports from the strong economic recovery of the macro-economic sector has been a change in policy recommendations. 2010, Korea Economic Report of the core labor flexibility and productivity-enhancing, the power of the financial sector reform and soaring health care costs is preparing for.
2010년 5월 30일 일요일
Korea - Economic Outlook 87 Country Summary
Korea has achieved one of the strongest recoveries among OECD countries, led by exports and expansionary fiscal policy. While the fiscal stimulus has been reversed, buoyant exports are projected to help boost output growth to 5¾ per cent in 2010, leading to a marked decline in unemployment.
With the recovery on track, the authorities should focus on achieving the deficit-reduction target in the medium term fiscal plan, while the central bank should begin to withdraw monetary stimulus. Expanded assistance to small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) to overcome the crisis should be phased out, in part to avoid supporting non-viable firms. Structural reforms to enhance productivity, particularly in services, are needed to sustain growth over the medium term.
With the recovery on track, the authorities should focus on achieving the deficit-reduction target in the medium term fiscal plan, while the central bank should begin to withdraw monetary stimulus. Expanded assistance to small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) to overcome the crisis should be phased out, in part to avoid supporting non-viable firms. Structural reforms to enhance productivity, particularly in services, are needed to sustain growth over the medium term.
2010년 5월 27일 목요일
The Korean G-20 leadership: Assessing the key issues for 2010 - New sources of sustainable and balanced growth
Remarks by Angel Gurría, OECD Secretary-General
Seoul, 17 November 2009
Distinguished guests, ladies and gentlemen:
A year ago the global economy was on the brink. Today, thanks to massive macroeconomic support and swift actions to stabilise financial markets a recovery is now underway. Avoiding the worst outcome required courage and leadership at the national level. But it also required increased cooperation in the international context and the emergence of the G20 as a premier forum for economic discussions and action.
These are good news for the world economy. Having been one of the founders of the G20 more than ten years ago, I believe this is the right setting to discuss global issues. The fact that Korea will be chairing the next Summit is a great source of confidence. Former Korean Prime Minister Han Chaired the 2009 Ministerial Meeting of the OECD. We enjoyed working with such a committed and well organised team and reached meaningful outcomes. Under the Korean leadership, we launched our Green Growth Strategy, which aims to achieve a sustainable recovery based on a low carbon economy. It can surely become one of the pillars of a robust G20 agenda.
But before getting into Green Growth, let me start by sharing with you the OECD outlook and the challenges forward.
Current situation and the way forward
Indeed, the worst scenarios were avoided with determined actions and international cooperation. The world economy is starting to rebound and most OECD economies (Korea included) are starting to leave the crisis behind. But we are not yet out of the woods, and exit strategies should only be implemented once the recovery has taken strong hold.
However, we need to start planning for the world “after the crisis”. This is not going to be easy. Economic conditions will be tight, particularly with worrisome fiscal positions in almost all countries and high unemployment.
Unemployment is indeed the worst problem we are confronting. It is the human face of the crisis. Only in the OECD area, more than 13 million jobs have disappeared since the beginning of 2008, and the number continues to rise. Output may be permanently lower by some 4 per cent for the average OECD country as a result of the crisis. We need to get these jobs back and to restore sustainable and balanced growth!
1. The G20 Framework for Strong, Sustainable and Balanced Growth
This goal will require much more than the usual national economic policies to support the recovery. We should be looking for new sources of growth and new sources of job creation, such as innovation and green growth. But we are also talking about a paradigm shift; a new approach to economic co-operation.
This is a challenging task, but it is possible, provided we get the right policies in place, and by working together to assess how macroeconomic and structural policies are collectively consistent with sustainable and balanced trajectories of growth. That is the vision which G20 leaders in Pittsburgh shared when they launched the Framework for Strong, Sustainable and Balanced Growth. It is an enlightened initiative and, if successful, a clear contribution of the G20 to the world economy.
2. The OECD and the G20: A decade old relationship
The OECD was asked by the G20 to support this endeavour at its St Andrews meeting earlier this month. We will, of course. In fact, we will continue to support the G20, as we have done since its inception. Our substantive contributions so far include work on bribery; on export credits; on the design of fiscal stimulus to cushion the economic downturn; on international trade and investment; on taxes; on labour issues; on innovation and on phasing-out fossil fuel subsidies to mention just a few. We also work on the employment area, and the recent OECD Labour Ministerial meeting in late September was mentioned in the Pittsburgh communiqué as one of the important steps towards the G20 Labour Ministerial next spring.
Our joint OECD-IEA analysis on the removal of fossil fuel subsidies, for example, showed that such a measure could reduce greenhouse gas emissions by as much as 10 per cent by the middle of the century compared to business-as-usual. It would also increase overall economic efficiency and free up budgetary resources to target them more directly to the neediest.
Based on work carried out by the OECD and the Global Tax Forum, the era of bank secrecy is now coming to an end! Since the G20 Leaders Summit in November 2008, unprecedented progress has been made to tackle practices that facilitate cross-border tax evasion, one of the darker sides of globalisation. We have established a broader Global Tax Forum and close to 100 Tax Information Exchange Agreements have been signed so far. This giant leap forward in combating tax evasion will help to raise the integrity and legitimacy of market outcomes, which this crisis has severely undermined.
However, the work is far from over. Thus, we will continue with our contributions on these and other important areas where the G20 has tasked the OECD, and we are collaborating with the IMF, the World Bank, the FSB, the WTO, the ILO and others to maximise the collective impact of international organisations’ contributions. I have already proposed that we create a coordination and communication mechanism “the Observatory for Policy Coherence” to better serve the G20 members. We are also intensifying our co-operation with non-OECD G20 countries. Currently, we work with 20 out of the 23 participating countries of the G20, plus the European Union.
3. The OECD and the G20: Strengthening the relationship
What cocktail of strategy, policies and framework conditions will enable economies to harness new sources of economic growth, prevent environmental degradation and enhance the quality of life? An initial step in this agenda is to identify the most promising areas to promote sustainable and balanced growth. In the remainder of my intervention I would like to suggest two such sources: innovation and green growth.
Fostering Innovation
Let’s start with innovation – the introduction of a new or significantly improved product, process or method – as it will be one of the keys to accelerating recovery and putting countries back on a path to sustainable and “smarter” growth.
At the OECD we have done empirical work on the links between innovation and growth. Our evidence shows that the benefits of strong innovation policies are high. Using R&D as a proxy for innovation, we found that an increase in business R&D intensity of 0.1 percentage points would raise GDP per working age person by 1.2 percentage points. This result suggests that if the intensity of business R&D in the average OECD country were raised to the same level as in the US, GDP per capita could be almost 10 per cent higher. That’s more than double our estimate of the loss in potential output as a result of the crisis.
Innovation not only contributes to growth. It is also key to addressing global challenges. Urgent issues, such as climate change, health, food security and poverty depend on stronger innovation and new forms of international cooperation. Yet, many countries have barely begun to tap the potential of innovation to bolster economic prosperity and well-being.
Obviously, innovation is not only about more R & D and not something governments can decree. Nurturing innovation is a challenging task for governments. Having a few targeted policies to boost this or that sector, this or that “champion” will not do the trick. Success in innovation requires a systemic approach. At the OECD we think there are many drivers of innovation. There are also many little-noticed impediments to innovation, and removing these may do more good than promoting headline-grabbing schemes.
There are also key channels and structural policies that have a positive impact on innovation performance. We can show that policies that involve ICT, human capital and entrepreneurship, alongside policies to mobilise labour and increase investment are likely to bear the most fruit over the longer term. But the development of innovation policies needs to be supported by conducive framework conditions: sound macroeconomic policy, competitive markets, sound regulations, openness to international trade and FDI, a supportive tax climate and a healthy financial system. Governments play an important role in creating these conditions.
We also know that the challenges for innovation policy differ across countries, and that policy advice needs to be tailored to the specific needs of each country.
Over the coming year, we will continue our work on innovation to identify the specific policies, frameworks and governance mechanisms that can accelerate scientific and technological progress and diffuse innovation as widely as possible. After these years of work, in June 2010 we will deliver the final report of our Innovation Strategy, a mandate from our 2007 Ministerial Council Meeting. This topic is well suited for the G20 agenda, as the global debate moves from the immediacy of the response to the crisis, to forward looking policies for a balanced and sustainable growth.
Green Growth
Turning now to green growth.
Green growth has emerged as a strategic priority for countries worldwide, putting forward a new paradigm that would enable economic growth and development, prevent environmental degradation and enhance quality of life.
Green growth is about promoting economic growth and development while reducing pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, promoting the efficient use of natural resources, and maintaining biodiversity. It means making investments in the environment a driver for growth and development. We are convinced that the conversion of our economies into low carbon economies can be an important source of growth and employment. The OECD was mandated to develop a Green Growth Strategy to help governments identify the policies, the incentives and the frameworks that can achieve clean, resource efficient, low carbon economic growth and development.
Achieving the objectives of green growth will require a broad and flexible mix of instruments that cut across several policy areas (e.g. investment, taxes, innovation, technology, trade, employment and education), and applied in a way that ensures coherence and avoids costly overlaps.
Countries will need structural reforms to achieve green growth. Green tax reforms and price based approaches -- such as carbon taxes, auctioned permits in cap and trade schemes as well as the removal of harmful fossil fuel subsidies, are one element of necessary policy reforms. Taxes and auctioned permits can also help to bring in revenues to invest in energy efficiency to offset reductions in other taxes or to contribute to fiscal consolidation.
Carbon taxes are also under consideration or planned in many countries as well as other environmentally-related taxes. It is also encouraging to see many governments placing “green” investments at the heart of their own crisis-response strategies, as well as looking at the international co-operation needed for green investments globally.
Tackling climate change is a fundamental part of achieving green growth. And financing the fight against climate change will be a key element of a successful commitment in Copenhagen. The OECD has built up considerable experience in this area. We are examining how to scale-up public and private financing flows, as well as working on robust and transparent measurement, reporting and verification systems for finance that will be needed to ensure accountability.
The Development Assistance Committee at the OECD has been tracking bilateral aid flows for climate change mitigation for over a decade, and will initiate the same monitoring for adaptation.
Ladies and gentlemen:
The global economy is on the threshold of a major transformation. G20 leaders have fully committed to supporting new sources of balanced and sustainable growth. No single country or group of countries will succeed on their own; this is a task where we all have to join forces. And though governments must lead the way, they need the support of international organisations and professional groupings like the IIF and of civil society representatives.
The OECD is ready to support this endeavour. Our strong track record of evidence-based analysis and policy advice, and the wealth of information and knowledge accumulated over many decades are at the full disposal of all G20 governments. Only together can we rise to the challenge and tap the sources of a stronger, cleaner and fairer world economy of tomorrow.
Thank you for your attention.
Seoul, 17 November 2009
Distinguished guests, ladies and gentlemen:
A year ago the global economy was on the brink. Today, thanks to massive macroeconomic support and swift actions to stabilise financial markets a recovery is now underway. Avoiding the worst outcome required courage and leadership at the national level. But it also required increased cooperation in the international context and the emergence of the G20 as a premier forum for economic discussions and action.
These are good news for the world economy. Having been one of the founders of the G20 more than ten years ago, I believe this is the right setting to discuss global issues. The fact that Korea will be chairing the next Summit is a great source of confidence. Former Korean Prime Minister Han Chaired the 2009 Ministerial Meeting of the OECD. We enjoyed working with such a committed and well organised team and reached meaningful outcomes. Under the Korean leadership, we launched our Green Growth Strategy, which aims to achieve a sustainable recovery based on a low carbon economy. It can surely become one of the pillars of a robust G20 agenda.
But before getting into Green Growth, let me start by sharing with you the OECD outlook and the challenges forward.
Current situation and the way forward
Indeed, the worst scenarios were avoided with determined actions and international cooperation. The world economy is starting to rebound and most OECD economies (Korea included) are starting to leave the crisis behind. But we are not yet out of the woods, and exit strategies should only be implemented once the recovery has taken strong hold.
However, we need to start planning for the world “after the crisis”. This is not going to be easy. Economic conditions will be tight, particularly with worrisome fiscal positions in almost all countries and high unemployment.
Unemployment is indeed the worst problem we are confronting. It is the human face of the crisis. Only in the OECD area, more than 13 million jobs have disappeared since the beginning of 2008, and the number continues to rise. Output may be permanently lower by some 4 per cent for the average OECD country as a result of the crisis. We need to get these jobs back and to restore sustainable and balanced growth!
1. The G20 Framework for Strong, Sustainable and Balanced Growth
This goal will require much more than the usual national economic policies to support the recovery. We should be looking for new sources of growth and new sources of job creation, such as innovation and green growth. But we are also talking about a paradigm shift; a new approach to economic co-operation.
This is a challenging task, but it is possible, provided we get the right policies in place, and by working together to assess how macroeconomic and structural policies are collectively consistent with sustainable and balanced trajectories of growth. That is the vision which G20 leaders in Pittsburgh shared when they launched the Framework for Strong, Sustainable and Balanced Growth. It is an enlightened initiative and, if successful, a clear contribution of the G20 to the world economy.
2. The OECD and the G20: A decade old relationship
The OECD was asked by the G20 to support this endeavour at its St Andrews meeting earlier this month. We will, of course. In fact, we will continue to support the G20, as we have done since its inception. Our substantive contributions so far include work on bribery; on export credits; on the design of fiscal stimulus to cushion the economic downturn; on international trade and investment; on taxes; on labour issues; on innovation and on phasing-out fossil fuel subsidies to mention just a few. We also work on the employment area, and the recent OECD Labour Ministerial meeting in late September was mentioned in the Pittsburgh communiqué as one of the important steps towards the G20 Labour Ministerial next spring.
Our joint OECD-IEA analysis on the removal of fossil fuel subsidies, for example, showed that such a measure could reduce greenhouse gas emissions by as much as 10 per cent by the middle of the century compared to business-as-usual. It would also increase overall economic efficiency and free up budgetary resources to target them more directly to the neediest.
Based on work carried out by the OECD and the Global Tax Forum, the era of bank secrecy is now coming to an end! Since the G20 Leaders Summit in November 2008, unprecedented progress has been made to tackle practices that facilitate cross-border tax evasion, one of the darker sides of globalisation. We have established a broader Global Tax Forum and close to 100 Tax Information Exchange Agreements have been signed so far. This giant leap forward in combating tax evasion will help to raise the integrity and legitimacy of market outcomes, which this crisis has severely undermined.
However, the work is far from over. Thus, we will continue with our contributions on these and other important areas where the G20 has tasked the OECD, and we are collaborating with the IMF, the World Bank, the FSB, the WTO, the ILO and others to maximise the collective impact of international organisations’ contributions. I have already proposed that we create a coordination and communication mechanism “the Observatory for Policy Coherence” to better serve the G20 members. We are also intensifying our co-operation with non-OECD G20 countries. Currently, we work with 20 out of the 23 participating countries of the G20, plus the European Union.
3. The OECD and the G20: Strengthening the relationship
What cocktail of strategy, policies and framework conditions will enable economies to harness new sources of economic growth, prevent environmental degradation and enhance the quality of life? An initial step in this agenda is to identify the most promising areas to promote sustainable and balanced growth. In the remainder of my intervention I would like to suggest two such sources: innovation and green growth.
Fostering Innovation
Let’s start with innovation – the introduction of a new or significantly improved product, process or method – as it will be one of the keys to accelerating recovery and putting countries back on a path to sustainable and “smarter” growth.
At the OECD we have done empirical work on the links between innovation and growth. Our evidence shows that the benefits of strong innovation policies are high. Using R&D as a proxy for innovation, we found that an increase in business R&D intensity of 0.1 percentage points would raise GDP per working age person by 1.2 percentage points. This result suggests that if the intensity of business R&D in the average OECD country were raised to the same level as in the US, GDP per capita could be almost 10 per cent higher. That’s more than double our estimate of the loss in potential output as a result of the crisis.
Innovation not only contributes to growth. It is also key to addressing global challenges. Urgent issues, such as climate change, health, food security and poverty depend on stronger innovation and new forms of international cooperation. Yet, many countries have barely begun to tap the potential of innovation to bolster economic prosperity and well-being.
Obviously, innovation is not only about more R & D and not something governments can decree. Nurturing innovation is a challenging task for governments. Having a few targeted policies to boost this or that sector, this or that “champion” will not do the trick. Success in innovation requires a systemic approach. At the OECD we think there are many drivers of innovation. There are also many little-noticed impediments to innovation, and removing these may do more good than promoting headline-grabbing schemes.
There are also key channels and structural policies that have a positive impact on innovation performance. We can show that policies that involve ICT, human capital and entrepreneurship, alongside policies to mobilise labour and increase investment are likely to bear the most fruit over the longer term. But the development of innovation policies needs to be supported by conducive framework conditions: sound macroeconomic policy, competitive markets, sound regulations, openness to international trade and FDI, a supportive tax climate and a healthy financial system. Governments play an important role in creating these conditions.
We also know that the challenges for innovation policy differ across countries, and that policy advice needs to be tailored to the specific needs of each country.
Over the coming year, we will continue our work on innovation to identify the specific policies, frameworks and governance mechanisms that can accelerate scientific and technological progress and diffuse innovation as widely as possible. After these years of work, in June 2010 we will deliver the final report of our Innovation Strategy, a mandate from our 2007 Ministerial Council Meeting. This topic is well suited for the G20 agenda, as the global debate moves from the immediacy of the response to the crisis, to forward looking policies for a balanced and sustainable growth.
Green Growth
Turning now to green growth.
Green growth has emerged as a strategic priority for countries worldwide, putting forward a new paradigm that would enable economic growth and development, prevent environmental degradation and enhance quality of life.
Green growth is about promoting economic growth and development while reducing pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, promoting the efficient use of natural resources, and maintaining biodiversity. It means making investments in the environment a driver for growth and development. We are convinced that the conversion of our economies into low carbon economies can be an important source of growth and employment. The OECD was mandated to develop a Green Growth Strategy to help governments identify the policies, the incentives and the frameworks that can achieve clean, resource efficient, low carbon economic growth and development.
Achieving the objectives of green growth will require a broad and flexible mix of instruments that cut across several policy areas (e.g. investment, taxes, innovation, technology, trade, employment and education), and applied in a way that ensures coherence and avoids costly overlaps.
Countries will need structural reforms to achieve green growth. Green tax reforms and price based approaches -- such as carbon taxes, auctioned permits in cap and trade schemes as well as the removal of harmful fossil fuel subsidies, are one element of necessary policy reforms. Taxes and auctioned permits can also help to bring in revenues to invest in energy efficiency to offset reductions in other taxes or to contribute to fiscal consolidation.
Carbon taxes are also under consideration or planned in many countries as well as other environmentally-related taxes. It is also encouraging to see many governments placing “green” investments at the heart of their own crisis-response strategies, as well as looking at the international co-operation needed for green investments globally.
Tackling climate change is a fundamental part of achieving green growth. And financing the fight against climate change will be a key element of a successful commitment in Copenhagen. The OECD has built up considerable experience in this area. We are examining how to scale-up public and private financing flows, as well as working on robust and transparent measurement, reporting and verification systems for finance that will be needed to ensure accountability.
The Development Assistance Committee at the OECD has been tracking bilateral aid flows for climate change mitigation for over a decade, and will initiate the same monitoring for adaptation.
Ladies and gentlemen:
The global economy is on the threshold of a major transformation. G20 leaders have fully committed to supporting new sources of balanced and sustainable growth. No single country or group of countries will succeed on their own; this is a task where we all have to join forces. And though governments must lead the way, they need the support of international organisations and professional groupings like the IIF and of civil society representatives.
The OECD is ready to support this endeavour. Our strong track record of evidence-based analysis and policy advice, and the wealth of information and knowledge accumulated over many decades are at the full disposal of all G20 governments. Only together can we rise to the challenge and tap the sources of a stronger, cleaner and fairer world economy of tomorrow.
Thank you for your attention.
Working hours of laborers in Korea Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) 30 member countries were among the top level.
Working hours of laborers in Korea Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) 30 member countries were among the top level.
Of Koreans 'quality of life,' the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, OECD on average not much noticed. OECD Statistical Yearbook 2010 'look at our country's national suicide rate per 100,000 people 21.5 11.7 people greatly exceeded the OECD average was recorded.
Country's economic, financial, education, science and technology level Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries is good, but compared to the average quality of life, environment, etc. were found to fall. About the financial health, spending on education than average, high, but fertility levels, health spending, etc. turned out to be low.
Naratbit country the size of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) average of 1.3 on the statistics suggests ceases. Fiscal balance (revenues and expenditures throughout the government have identified all of the results) of gross domestic product (GDP) compared to 3.3% -3.5% appears to have good records than other countries.
GDP per capita of a country (GDP) as a $ 27,658 increase from about $ 1,000 more than last year according to the survey. Real GDP growth 0.6% 2.2% more than the OECD average of 3.7 times as higher.
Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) country in the percentage of the population aged 65 or older in 2050 was expected to rise to 38.2 percent. The level of economic development compared to the quality of life is still far inferior compared to developed countries, respectively.
In 2008, Korea's fertility rate up to 1.19 reduces the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries showed the lowest level. OECD average of 0.52 people less fortunate than 1.71. 2050 aging faster rate than the age of 65 will take about 40% of the total population also was expected.
Of Koreans 'quality of life,' the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, OECD on average not much noticed. OECD Statistical Yearbook 2010 'look at our country's national suicide rate per 100,000 people 21.5 11.7 people greatly exceeded the OECD average was recorded.
Country's economic, financial, education, science and technology level Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries is good, but compared to the average quality of life, environment, etc. were found to fall. About the financial health, spending on education than average, high, but fertility levels, health spending, etc. turned out to be low.
Naratbit country the size of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) average of 1.3 on the statistics suggests ceases. Fiscal balance (revenues and expenditures throughout the government have identified all of the results) of gross domestic product (GDP) compared to 3.3% -3.5% appears to have good records than other countries.
GDP per capita of a country (GDP) as a $ 27,658 increase from about $ 1,000 more than last year according to the survey. Real GDP growth 0.6% 2.2% more than the OECD average of 3.7 times as higher.
Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) country in the percentage of the population aged 65 or older in 2050 was expected to rise to 38.2 percent. The level of economic development compared to the quality of life is still far inferior compared to developed countries, respectively.
2010년 3월 10일 수요일
Visiting the OECD
Who visits the OECD?
The Public Affairs Division organises group visits to the OECD Headquarters in Paris for business leaders, trade union representatives, parliamentarians, academics, journalists, university students and other groups, upon request. The OECD welcomes around 3000 visitors each year. Student groups are accepted only from upper university levels, and students must have a good knowledge of one of the OECD areas of activity. We are unable to organise individual visits.
What is a typical visit?
Visits vary in time limit, number of participants and type of visit. However, they can usually accommodate a minimum of 10, and up to 100 participants, depending on room availability. A typical visit lasts from 2 to 3 hours and is conducted in one of the two official languages of the OECD, French or English. It begins with an introduction to the OECD. Then, one or several members of the Secretariat brief the visitors on the particular topics of interest to them. A member of the relevant Delegation to the OECD is usually involved in the visit. Each presentation lasts about 45 minutes (including a question and answer period). Participants receive documentation and other relevant background information on the OECD.
Every visit is unique and is organised to suit the needs and interests of the particular group. The Visits Programme tries to provide the most appropriate speakers, drawn from the many facets of OECD work -- economics, education, science, environment, governance, employment, technology, to mention only a few.
How to organise a visit?
Due to limited availability of meeting rooms, it is important to send in requests for visits at least two months before the desired date of the visit.
Requests should include the following information: preferred date and time of visit to the OECD; number of participants and their names; topics of interest; mention of previous visits; special requests.
Visits to the OECD are free of charge.
Who to contact?
Requests can be made by letter or e-mail to:
Linda Aidan
OECD Visits Co-ordinator
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
Public Affairs Division
Visits Programme
2 rue André-Pascal
75775 Paris CEDEX 16
FRANCE
E-mail: Linda.Aidan@oecd.org
The Public Affairs Division organises group visits to the OECD Headquarters in Paris for business leaders, trade union representatives, parliamentarians, academics, journalists, university students and other groups, upon request. The OECD welcomes around 3000 visitors each year. Student groups are accepted only from upper university levels, and students must have a good knowledge of one of the OECD areas of activity. We are unable to organise individual visits.
What is a typical visit?
Visits vary in time limit, number of participants and type of visit. However, they can usually accommodate a minimum of 10, and up to 100 participants, depending on room availability. A typical visit lasts from 2 to 3 hours and is conducted in one of the two official languages of the OECD, French or English. It begins with an introduction to the OECD. Then, one or several members of the Secretariat brief the visitors on the particular topics of interest to them. A member of the relevant Delegation to the OECD is usually involved in the visit. Each presentation lasts about 45 minutes (including a question and answer period). Participants receive documentation and other relevant background information on the OECD.
Every visit is unique and is organised to suit the needs and interests of the particular group. The Visits Programme tries to provide the most appropriate speakers, drawn from the many facets of OECD work -- economics, education, science, environment, governance, employment, technology, to mention only a few.
How to organise a visit?
Due to limited availability of meeting rooms, it is important to send in requests for visits at least two months before the desired date of the visit.
Requests should include the following information: preferred date and time of visit to the OECD; number of participants and their names; topics of interest; mention of previous visits; special requests.
Visits to the OECD are free of charge.
Who to contact?
Requests can be made by letter or e-mail to:
Linda Aidan
OECD Visits Co-ordinator
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
Public Affairs Division
Visits Programme
2 rue André-Pascal
75775 Paris CEDEX 16
FRANCE
E-mail: Linda.Aidan@oecd.org
Topics
Topics
The OECD works on global issues in the following areas:
Economy
Competition
Agriculture
Economics and Growth Enterprise, Industry and Services
Regional, Rural and Urban Development
Trade
Society
Education
Employment
Social and Welfare Issues
Health
Migration
Development
Development Issues
Finance
Financial
Markets
Insurance and Pensions
Investment
Tax
Governance
Corporate Governance
Fighting Corruption
Public Governance and Management
Regulatory Reform
Innovation
Biotechnology
Information and Communication Technologies
Science and Innovation
Sustainability
Fisheries
Energy
Environment
Sustainable Development
Looking for something more specific? Try our A to Z Index: an alphabetical list of topics, resources, key documents and publications.
The OECD works on global issues in the following areas:
Economy
Competition
Agriculture
Economics and Growth Enterprise, Industry and Services
Regional, Rural and Urban Development
Trade
Society
Education
Employment
Social and Welfare Issues
Health
Migration
Development
Development Issues
Finance
Financial
Markets
Insurance and Pensions
Investment
Tax
Governance
Corporate Governance
Fighting Corruption
Public Governance and Management
Regulatory Reform
Innovation
Biotechnology
Information and Communication Technologies
Science and Innovation
Sustainability
Fisheries
Energy
Environment
Sustainable Development
Looking for something more specific? Try our A to Z Index: an alphabetical list of topics, resources, key documents and publications.
The Commission of the European Community takes part in the work of the OECD.
Accession candidate countries
Chile
Estonia
Israel
Russia
Slovenia
Enhanced engagement countries
Brazil
China
India
Indonesia
South Africa
Non-Member Economies
Chile
Estonia
Israel
Russia
Slovenia
Enhanced engagement countries
Brazil
China
India
Indonesia
South Africa
Non-Member Economies
How to obtain this publication
How to obtain this publication
SourceOECD for subscribing institutions and many libraries
OECD Online Bookshop for non-subscribers
Government officials with accounts (subscribe) can go to the "Books" tab on OLIS
Accredited journalists (password required)
For further reading, and background to this current edition, see the Going for growth homepage: www.oecd.org/economics/goingforgrowth
SourceOECD for subscribing institutions and many libraries
OECD Online Bookshop for non-subscribers
Government officials with accounts (subscribe) can go to the "Books" tab on OLIS
Accredited journalists (password required)
For further reading, and background to this current edition, see the Going for growth homepage: www.oecd.org/economics/goingforgrowth
What we do and how
What we do and how
OECD uses its wealth of information on a broad range of topics to help governments foster prosperity and fight poverty through economic growth and financial stability. We help ensure the environmental implications of economic and social development are taken into account.
OECD's work is based on continued monitoring of events in member countries as well as outside OECD area, and includes regular projections of short and medium-term economic developments. The OECD Secretariat collects and analyses data, after which committees discuss policy regarding this information, the Council makes decisions, and then governments implement recommendations.
Peer reviews
Mutual examination by governments, multilateral surveillance and a peer review process through which the performance of individual countries is monitored by their peers, all carried out at committee-level, are at the heart of our effectiveness. An example of the peer review process at work is to be found in the Working Group on Bribery, which monitors the implementation by signatory countries of the OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Officials in International Business Transactions.
Agreements, standards and recommendations
Discussions at OECD committee-level sometimes evolve into negotiations where OECD countries agree on rules of the game for international co-operation. They can culminate in formal agreements by countries, for example on combating bribery, on arrangements for export credits, or on the treatment of capital movements. They may produce standards and models, for example in the application of bilateral treaties on taxation, or recommendations, for example on cross-border co-operation in enforcing laws against spam. They may also result in guidelines, for example on corporate governance or environmental practices. More on OECD decisions, recommendations and other instruments in force.
Publications
OECD publications are a prime vehicle for disseminating the Organisation's intellectual output. OECD publishes regular outlooks, annual overviews and comparative statistics. Among them:
OECD Economic Outlook assesses prospects for member and major non-member economies.
OECD Factbook is a key reference tool for everyone working on economic and policy issues.
OECD Economic surveys provide individual national analyses and policy recommendations.
Going for Growth presents comparative indicators and evaluations of national performance.
OECD uses its wealth of information on a broad range of topics to help governments foster prosperity and fight poverty through economic growth and financial stability. We help ensure the environmental implications of economic and social development are taken into account.
OECD's work is based on continued monitoring of events in member countries as well as outside OECD area, and includes regular projections of short and medium-term economic developments. The OECD Secretariat collects and analyses data, after which committees discuss policy regarding this information, the Council makes decisions, and then governments implement recommendations.
Peer reviews
Mutual examination by governments, multilateral surveillance and a peer review process through which the performance of individual countries is monitored by their peers, all carried out at committee-level, are at the heart of our effectiveness. An example of the peer review process at work is to be found in the Working Group on Bribery, which monitors the implementation by signatory countries of the OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Officials in International Business Transactions.
Agreements, standards and recommendations
Discussions at OECD committee-level sometimes evolve into negotiations where OECD countries agree on rules of the game for international co-operation. They can culminate in formal agreements by countries, for example on combating bribery, on arrangements for export credits, or on the treatment of capital movements. They may produce standards and models, for example in the application of bilateral treaties on taxation, or recommendations, for example on cross-border co-operation in enforcing laws against spam. They may also result in guidelines, for example on corporate governance or environmental practices. More on OECD decisions, recommendations and other instruments in force.
Publications
OECD publications are a prime vehicle for disseminating the Organisation's intellectual output. OECD publishes regular outlooks, annual overviews and comparative statistics. Among them:
OECD Economic Outlook assesses prospects for member and major non-member economies.
OECD Factbook is a key reference tool for everyone working on economic and policy issues.
OECD Economic surveys provide individual national analyses and policy recommendations.
Going for Growth presents comparative indicators and evaluations of national performance.
Who does what
Who does what
The Council
Decision-making power is vested in the OECD Council. It is made up of one representative per member country, plus a representative of the European Commission.
The Council meets regularly at the level of permanent representatives to OECD and decisions are taken by consensus. The Council meets at ministerial level once a year to discuss key issues and set priorities for OECD work. The work mandated by the Council is carried out by the OECD Secretariat.
Committees
Representatives of the 30 OECD member countries meet in specialised committees to advance ideas and review progress in specific policy areas, such as economics, trade, science, employment, education or financial markets.
There are about 250 committees, working groups and expert groups. Some 40 000 senior officials from national administrations go to OECD committee meetings each year to request, review and contribute to work undertaken by the OECD Secretariat. Once they return home, they have online access to documents and can exchange information through a special network.
OECD Secretariat
Angel Gurría heads the OECD Secretariat and is assisted by one or more Deputy Secretaries-General. Mr Gurría also chairs the Council, providing the link between national delegations and the Secretariat.
The Secretariat in Paris is made up of some 2 500 staff who support the activities of committees, and carry out the work in response to priorities decided by the OECD Council. The staff includes economists, lawyers, scientists and other professionals. Most staff members are based in Paris but some work at OECD centres in other countries.
The Council
Decision-making power is vested in the OECD Council. It is made up of one representative per member country, plus a representative of the European Commission.
The Council meets regularly at the level of permanent representatives to OECD and decisions are taken by consensus. The Council meets at ministerial level once a year to discuss key issues and set priorities for OECD work. The work mandated by the Council is carried out by the OECD Secretariat.
Committees
Representatives of the 30 OECD member countries meet in specialised committees to advance ideas and review progress in specific policy areas, such as economics, trade, science, employment, education or financial markets.
There are about 250 committees, working groups and expert groups. Some 40 000 senior officials from national administrations go to OECD committee meetings each year to request, review and contribute to work undertaken by the OECD Secretariat. Once they return home, they have online access to documents and can exchange information through a special network.
OECD Secretariat
Angel Gurría heads the OECD Secretariat and is assisted by one or more Deputy Secretaries-General. Mr Gurría also chairs the Council, providing the link between national delegations and the Secretariat.
The Secretariat in Paris is made up of some 2 500 staff who support the activities of committees, and carry out the work in response to priorities decided by the OECD Council. The staff includes economists, lawyers, scientists and other professionals. Most staff members are based in Paris but some work at OECD centres in other countries.
History
History
Origins
The forerunner of OECD was the Organisation for European Economic Co-operation (OEEC). OEEC was formed in 1947 to administer American and Canadian aid under the Marshall Plan for the reconstruction of Europe after World War II. Its headquarters were established at the Château de la Muette in Paris in 1949.
OECD took over from OEEC in 1961. Since then, its mission has been to help its member countries to achieve sustainable economic growth and employment and to raise the standard of living in member countries while maintaining financial stability – all this in order to contribute to the development of the world economy.
Its founding Convention also calls on it to assist sound economic expansion in other countries and to contribute to growth in world trade on a multilateral, non-discriminatory basis.
Evolution
In order to contribute to the development of the world economy, OECD’s focus has progressively broadened to include a growing number of other countries, in addition to its 30 members. It now shares its expertise and accumulated experience with more than 70 developing and emerging market economies.
What next
In a rapidly-changing globalised economy, OECD is changing too. The Organisation is reforming its management and addressing such issues as burden-sharing in the context of the OECD budget, rules on decision-making and how to respond to changes in the global economic environment by enlarging its membership.
It has also renovated its Paris headquarters and built a new conference centre. All these efforts are directed towards making OECD a more effective instrument of international co-operation.
Origins
The forerunner of OECD was the Organisation for European Economic Co-operation (OEEC). OEEC was formed in 1947 to administer American and Canadian aid under the Marshall Plan for the reconstruction of Europe after World War II. Its headquarters were established at the Château de la Muette in Paris in 1949.
OECD took over from OEEC in 1961. Since then, its mission has been to help its member countries to achieve sustainable economic growth and employment and to raise the standard of living in member countries while maintaining financial stability – all this in order to contribute to the development of the world economy.
Its founding Convention also calls on it to assist sound economic expansion in other countries and to contribute to growth in world trade on a multilateral, non-discriminatory basis.
Evolution
In order to contribute to the development of the world economy, OECD’s focus has progressively broadened to include a growing number of other countries, in addition to its 30 members. It now shares its expertise and accumulated experience with more than 70 developing and emerging market economies.
What next
In a rapidly-changing globalised economy, OECD is changing too. The Organisation is reforming its management and addressing such issues as burden-sharing in the context of the OECD budget, rules on decision-making and how to respond to changes in the global economic environment by enlarging its membership.
It has also renovated its Paris headquarters and built a new conference centre. All these efforts are directed towards making OECD a more effective instrument of international co-operation.
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...of the latest news and OECD titles with OECDdirect e-mails, and with MyOECD web pages.
MyOECD:
Tailor the Web site to list only the topics that interest you. Select your preferred themes, and the next time you login to MyOECD, your personal home page will present the news and events and documentation strictly related to the themes you selected.
OECDdirect:
A free and time-saving e-mail alert service. Once you've selected the themes that interest you, choose to receive personalised e-mails announcing new publications, statistics updates and free newsletters related to your topics of interest.
How do I register?
To register, first sign up to MyOECD/OECDdirect (top right-hand corner of most pages) and follow the online instructions. Select the themes that interest you, then choose from the related book/CD-Rom subject areas, periodical titles, online statistical databases and free newsletters available. Once you have registered, you'll start to receive e-mails from OECDdirect only in the areas you have chosen.
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priority notice of pdf pre-prints up to six weeks before printed publication
short, concise messages so we don't waste your time
hyperlinks mean that more information is just a click away
changing address? new interests? just come back to our site and make changes in your own time
share announcements with your colleagues to help keep your team up to date with the latest information
Your privacy - our promise
It's simple, we won't share your name and address with anyone outside the OECD. See our privacy policy.
Register now so you'll be among the first to know of new titles in your field of interest. Remember - you remain in control. You can change your selections for any service at any time directly online.
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